Succulent Kebabs, Biryani and a World More: An Indian Metropolis Secures a Place on Unesco Creative Cities List.

Aromatic rice dish being prepared using the classic Dum method
Biryani in Lucknow is prepared on a low, leisurely heat, with the pot's lid securely closed with dough.

Mouth-watering kebabs, fragrant biryani, and fluffy, ethereal desserts.

The historic city in northern India of Lucknow has consistently been a haven for gastronomes, with residents and travelers equally swearing by its remarkable cuisine.

An International Accolade

Recently, The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization honored it as a UNESCO Creative City for Gastronomy – adding it to a select group of world cities and kindling hopes that it will spotlight Lucknow's exceptional food. With this title, it joins a global network of cities urban centers across more than 100 countries focused on promoting "creativity as a key factor of development that sustains urban life".

The recognition "stands as proof of its deep-rooted food heritage and dynamic culinary scene," as stated by a representative from UNESCO's Regional Office for South Asia.

Lucknow is only the second Indian city – following Hyderabad, which was picked in 2019 – to find a place in this prestigious list of seventy urban centers internationally.

An Urban Center with a Culinary Soul

The accolade for this historic city is no surprise to its inhabitants or passionate food lovers. Many echo the sentiment that it is "an honor long overdue".

With the UNESCO recognition, this beloved, bustling, and vibrant city – the capital of India's biggest state – is now in the spotlight for what has consistently characterized its heart: an unparalleled devotion for food.

"'What's for dinner, the method of preparation' is a ongoing dialogue from morning until going to bed in most homes," explains a local cultural expert. "And you are truly judged by the excellence of food that is produced in your kitchen."
Melt-in-the-mouth kebabs being served
Lucknow is famous for its succulent kebabs.

A Royal Culinary Legacy

The Nawabi City – as it's widely known after its historic wealthy Muslim rulers – is famed for its melt-in-the-mouth kebabs and a distinctive take on biryani that were invented, perfected, and elevated to sublime levels in their royal kitchens.

These imperial kitchens were hubs of culinary innovations, fusing Persian and indigenous Indian styles to create what became known as the culinary tradition of Awadh.

It was in this era that Lucknow's most famous kebabs were created. As the tale is told that the galouti kebab was invented to cater to an elderly nawab who had no longer had his teeth. His chefs processed the meat with raw papaya, saffron, and a blend of spices and made it so fine that it needed no chewing.

But arguably the biggest contribution of the chefs of Awadh was the slow-cooking Dum pukht technique, where food is cooked on a gentle, slow heat, with the container's cover tightly closed with dough.

More Than Just Famous Dishes

Apart from the well-known kebabs and biryani, the culinary masters also developed a collection of dishes that included kormas (rich curries), sheermal (saffron-infused flatbread), and shahi tukda (a rich bread pudding).

However, Lucknow is not just about kebabs and biryani – the region is also a haven for vegetarians.

The local Baniya community's cuisine doesn't just celebrates seasonal produce but also provides the city its exquisitely crafted Indian desserts, sweets, and unique street food, like chaat – spicy fried snacks.

Fluffy dessert a winter specialty
The city showcases unique treats for the season, such as Makkhan Malai, a special cloud-like dessert, when it gets cold.

Time-Tested Food Joints

Virtually on countless corners, there are tiny kiosks and kiosks – lesser-known delights that are extremely favored by the locals.

In the central district of Hazratganj, huge crowds start milling around from early morning at a legendary tea stall to get a steaming cup of milky masala chai, offered in clay glasses, along with incredibly soft buns lathered with hand-churned white butter.

In the morning, one can head to a no-frills joint operating in the old city area of Aminabad. Nearly 150 years after it was set up, the place is still highly popular for its freshly fried kachoris (fried bread stuffed with lentils) and jalebis (crispy, syrup-soaked sweets).

Famous tea stall offering masala chai
A renowned tea stall is noted for its milky masala chai.

Ensuring Legacy Continues

The city also presents unique treats of the season, such as makkhan malai, a airy dessert available in the winter. The method of making it is precise and demanding. The cook hand-churns the milk and then sets it out at night, allowing the nighttime moisture to give it its incredible light consistency.

On cold mornings, street vendors are often seen in historic neighborhoods like Aminabad and Chowk. Many but express concern that their younger generation are unwilling to learn the art.

A well-known culinary expert from Lucknow has often said that the city's immense food legacy places it at the very pinnacle of the Indian street food experience. The real value from the UNESCO recognition, however, will be realized only if Lucknow can now build recognition about its lesser-known eateries.

Every dish in Lucknow tells a story – crafted by family-run food businesses, from modest street carts to busy restaurants, and guarded family recipes.

The worldwide honor, it is anticipated, will motivate more people globally to explore these narratives and visit the city to taste the food wonders of Lucknow.

Christine Riley
Christine Riley

A historian and collector of royal memorabilia with a passion for British heritage.